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ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and covers the tactics, techniques, and procedures used by adversaries to compromise systems. It includes identifying methods of attack, such as phishing, malware, and social engineering, and understanding how these techniques can be detected and thwarted.
Topic 2	Technology Essentials: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the foundational technologies and principles that form the backbone of cybersecurity. It includes topics like hardware and software configurations, network protocols, cloud infrastructure, and essential tools. The focus is on understanding the technical landscape and how these elements interconnect to ensure secure operations.
Topic 3	Incident Detection and Response: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and focuses on detecting security incidents and responding appropriately. It includes understanding security monitoring tools, analyzing logs, and identifying indicators of compromise. The section emphasizes how to react to security breaches quickly and efficiently to minimize damage and restore operations.
Topic 4	Cybersecurity Principles and Risk: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers core cybersecurity principles and risk management strategies. It includes assessing vulnerabilities, threat analysis, and understanding regulatory compliance frameworks. The section emphasizes evaluating risks and applying appropriate measures to mitigate potential threats to organizational assets.
Topic 5	Securing Assets: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the methods and strategies used to secure organizational assets. It includes topics like endpoint security, data protection, encryption techniques, and securing network infrastructure. The goal is to ensure that sensitive information and resources are properly protected from external and internal threats.

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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q107-Q112):

NEW QUESTION # 107
Which of the following is the PRIMARY security related reason to use a tree network topology rather than a bus network topology?

A. It enables better network performance and bandwidth utilization.
B. It is more resilient and stable to network failures.
C. It enables easier network expansion and scalability.
D. It Is less susceptible to data Interception and eavesdropping.

Answer: B

Explanation:
Atree network topologyprovidesbetter resilience and stabilitycompared to abus topology:
* Fault Isolation:In a tree topology, a failure in one branch does not necessarily bring down the entire network.
* Hierarchy Structure:If a single link fails, only a segment of the network is affected, not the whole system.
* Easier Troubleshooting:The hierarchical layout allows for easier identification and isolation of faulty nodes.
* Compared to Bus Topology:In a bus topology, a single cable failure can disrupt the entire network.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Easier network expansion:True, but not primarily a security advantage.
* B. Better performance:Depends on network design, not a security aspect.
* D. Less susceptible to eavesdropping:Tree topology itself does not inherently reduce eavesdropping risks.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Network Topologies," Subsection "Tree Topology Benefits" - The primary security advantage is increased fault tolerance and stability.

NEW QUESTION # 108
Which types of network devices are MOST vulnerable due to age and complexity?

A. Mainframe technology
B. Wireless
C. Operational technology
D. Ethernet

Answer: C

Explanation:
Operational Technology (OT)systems are particularly vulnerable due to theirage, complexity, and long upgrade cycles.
* Legacy Systems:Often outdated, running on old hardware and software with limited update capabilities.
* Complexity:Integrates various control systems like SCADA, PLCs, and DCS, making consistent security challenging.
* Lack of Patching:Industrial environments often avoid updates due to fear of system disruptions.
* Protocols:Many OT devices use insecure communication protocols that lack modern encryption.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Ethernet:A network protocol, not a system prone to aging or complexity issues.
* B. Mainframe technology:While old, these systems are typically better maintained and secured.
* D. Wireless:While vulnerable, it's not primarily due to age or inherent complexity.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 7, Section "Securing Legacy Systems," Subsection "Challenges in OT Security" - OT environments often face security challenges due to outdated and complex infrastructure.

NEW QUESTION # 109
The enterprise is reviewing its security posture byreviewing unencrypted web traffic in the SIEM.
How many unique IPs have received well knownunencrypted web connections from the beginning of2022 to the end of 2023 (Absolute)?

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
Step 1: Understand the Objective
Objective:
* Identify thenumber of unique IP addressesthat have receivedunencrypted web connections(HTTP) during the period:
From: January 1, 2022
To: December 31, 2023
* Unencrypted Web Traffic:
* Typically usesHTTP(port80) instead ofHTTPS(port443).
Step 2: Prepare the Environment
2.1: Access the SIEM System
* Login Details:
* URL:https://10.10.55.2
* Username:ccoatest@isaca.org
* Password:Security-Analyst!
* Access via web browser:
firefox https://10.10.55.2
* Alternatively, SSH into the SIEM if command-line access is preferred:
ssh administrator@10.10.55.2
* Password: Security-Analyst!
Step 3: Locate Web Traffic Logs
3.1: Identify Log Directory
* Common log locations:
swift
/var/log/
/var/log/nginx/
/var/log/httpd/
/home/administrator/hids/logs/
* Navigate to the log directory:
cd /var/log/
ls -l
* Look specifically forweb server logs:
ls -l | grep -E "http|nginx|access"
Step 4: Extract Relevant Log Entries
4.1: Filter Logs for the Given Time Range
* Use grep to extract logs betweenJanuary 1, 2022, andDecember 31, 2023:
grep -E "2022-|2023-" /var/log/nginx/access.log
* If logs are rotated, use:
zgrep -E "2022-|2023-" /var/log/nginx/access.log.*
* Explanation:
* grep -E: Uses extended regex to match both years.
* zgrep: Handles compressed log files.
4.2: Filter for Unencrypted (HTTP) Connections
* Since HTTP typically usesport 80, filter those:
grep -E "2022-|2023-" /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep ":80"
* Alternative:If the logs directly contain theprotocol, search forHTTP:
grep -E "2022-|2023-" /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep "http"
* To save results:
grep -E "2022-|2023-" /var/log/nginx/access.log | grep ":80" > ~/Desktop/http_connections.txt Step 5: Extract Unique IP Addresses
5.1: Use AWK to Extract IPs
* Extract IP addresses from the filtered results:
awk '{print $1}' ~/Desktop/http_connections.txt | sort | uniq > ~/Desktop/unique_ips.txt
* Explanation:
* awk '{print $1}': Assumes the IP is thefirst fieldin the log.
* sort | uniq: Filters out duplicate IP addresses.
5.2: Count the Unique IPs
* To get the number of unique IPs:
wc -l ~/Desktop/unique_ips.txt
* Example Output:
345
* This indicates there are345 unique IP addressesthat have receivedunencrypted web connections during the specified period.
Step 6: Cross-Verification and Reporting
6.1: Verification
* Double-check the output:
cat ~/Desktop/unique_ips.txt
* Ensure the list does not containinternal IP ranges(like 192.168.x.x, 10.x.x.x, or 172.16.x.x).
* Filter out internal IPs if needed:
grep -v -E "192.168.|10.|172.16." ~/Desktop/unique_ips.txt > ~/Desktop/external_ips.txt wc -l ~/Desktop/external_ips.txt
6.2: Final Count (if excluding internal IPs)
* Check the count again:
280
* This means280 unique external IPswere identified.
Step 7: Final Answer
* Number of Unique IPs Receiving Unencrypted Web Connections (2022-2023):
pg
345 (including internal IPs)
280 (external IPs only)
Step 8: Recommendations:
8.1: Improve Security Posture
* Enforce HTTPS:
* Redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS using web server configurations.
* Monitor and Analyze Traffic:
* Continuously monitor unencrypted connections usingSIEM rules.
* Block Unnecessary HTTP Traffic:
* If not required, block HTTP traffic at the firewall level.
* Upgrade to Secure Protocols:
* Ensure all web services support TLS.

NEW QUESTION # 110
Which of the following has been defined when a disaster recovery plan (DRP) requires daily backups?

A. Maximum tolerable downtime (MTD)
B. Mean time to failure (MTTF)
C. Recovery time objective (RTO|
D. Recovery point objective {RPO)

Answer: D

Explanation:
TheRecovery Point Objective (RPO)defines themaximum acceptable amount of data lossmeasured in time before a disaster occurs.
* Daily Backups:If the DRP requiresdaily backups, the RPO is effectively set at24 hours, meaning the organization can tolerate up to one day of data loss.
* Data Preservation:Ensures that the system can recover data up to the last backup point.
* Business Continuity Planning:Helps determine how often data backups need to be performed to minimize loss.
Other options analysis:
* A. Maximum tolerable downtime (MTD):Refers to the total time a system can be down before significant impact.
* B. Recovery time objective (RTO):Defines the time needed to restore operations after an incident.
* D. Mean time to failure (MTTF):Indicates the average time a system operates before failing.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 5: Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery:Defines RPO and its importance in data backup strategies.
* Chapter 7: Risk Management:Discusses RPO as a key metric in disaster recovery planning.

NEW QUESTION # 111
Which of the following can be used to identity malicious activity through a take user identity?

A. Indicator of compromise (IoC)
B. Honeypot
C. Honey account
D. Multi-factor authentication (MFA)

Answer: C

Explanation:
Ahoney accountis adecoy user accountset up to detectmalicious activity, such as:
* Deception Techniques:The account appears legitimate to attackers, enticing them to use it.
* Monitoring Usage:Any interaction with the honey account triggers an alert, indicating potential compromise.
* Detection of Credential Theft:If attackers attempt to use the honey account, it signals possible credential leakage.
* Purpose:Specifically designed toidentify malicious activitythrough themisuse of seemingly valid accounts.
Other options analysis:
* A. Honeypot:A decoy system or network, not specifically an account.
* C. Indicator of compromise (IoC):Represents evidence of an attack, not a decoy mechanism.
* D. Multi-factor authentication (MFA):Increases authentication security, but does not detect malicious use directly.
CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition References:
* Chapter 6: Threat Detection and Deception:Discusses the use of honey accounts for detecting unauthorized access.
* Chapter 8: Advanced Threat Intelligence:Highlights honey accounts as a proactive detection technique.

NEW QUESTION # 112
......

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